Zoltán Papp, Zoltán Várallyay, Ryuichi Sugizaki, Shigehiro Takasaka, Norihiro Ohishi, Junji Yoshida, Daichi Ogata, Shunya Hayashi, Toshio Kimura
Abstract
This paper introduces a numerical scheme that efficiently predict Raman amplifier behaviors with diverse pump configurations. The scheme handles both Raman pumps in both directions and multiple incoherent pumps with broad spectra. Incorporating frequency-dependent loss, Raman gain, and inter-signal Raman gain, it enables accurate evaluation of signal evolution and optimization for flat gain in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. For backward pumps, which interact with all signals and pumps due to the nonlinear Raman gain effect, we employ an iterative optimization method that converges to a solution with acceptable small error after a few optimization cycles. This approach effectively addresses the inherent boundary value problem associated with backward propagating pumps. Validation with measurements demonstrates the scheme's accuracy, empowering researchers and engineers to design and optimize Raman amplifiers for superior performance in optical telecommunication systems.
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